PATHOLOGICAL TERMS RELATED TO THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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1. UPPER RESPIRATORY DISORDERS

Croup: Acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants, characterized by obstruction of the larynx and by barking cough.

Diptheria: Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the bacteria Cornyebacterium.

Epistaxis: A condition when bleeding occurs through nose.

Pertussis: Bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis. It is also known as the whopping cough.

2. BRONCHIAL TUBE DISORDERS

Asthma: Spasm and narrowing of the bronchi leading to bronchial airway obstruction.

Bronchiogenic carcinoma: Cancerous tumors arising from the bronchus, lung cancer.

Chronic bronchitis: Inflammation of the bronchi persisting for a longer period of time.

Cystic fibrosis: Inherited disease of the exocrine glands such as sweat glands, mucous membrane of the respiratory tract leading to the airway obstruction.

3. VARIOUS LUNG DISORDERS

Atelectasis: It refers to the incomplete expulsion of the alveoli; collapsed, functionless, airless lung or portion of a lung.

Emphysema: Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls.

Pneumoconiosis: Abnormal condition of the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection and bronchitis.

Pneumonia: Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli

Pulmonary abscess: Large collection of pus because of bacterial infection in the lungs.

Pulmonary edema: Swelling and fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles.

Pulmonary embolism: Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lungs

Tuberculosis: An infectious bacterial disease caused by, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Usually lungs are involved, but it can damage any organ of the body.

4. VARIOUS PLEURAL DISORDERS

Mesothelioma: It condition malignant tumor arises in the pleura. It is composed of mesothelium, which is epithelium that covers the surface of pleura, peritoneum and pericardium.

Pleural effusion: Escape of fluid into the pleural cavity.

Pleurisy: Inflammation of the pleura.

 

Q.1. The causal organism for diphtheria is:

1. Cornyebacterium spp.
2. Mycobacterium spp.
3. Salmonella spp.
4. Clostridium spp.

Ans. a

Q.2. The causal organism for pertussis is:

1. Cornyebacterium spp.
2. Mycobacterium spp.
3. Salmonella spp.
4. Bordetella spp.

Ans. d

Q.3. Cystic fibrosis is caused due to the malfunctioning of:

1. Endocrine glands
2. Exocrine glands
3. Both
4. None

Ans. a

Q.4. In asthma:

1. Alveoli narrows
2. Bronchi narrows
3. Bronchioles narrow
4. Trachea narrows

Ans. b

Q.5. Pertussis is also known as:

1. Barking cough
2. Whooping cough
3. Intense cough.
4. Cough

Ans. b

Q.6. Pneumonia is:

1. Inflammation of alveoli
2. Inflammation of bronchi
3. Inflammation of bronchioles
4. Inflammation of trachea

Ans. a

Q.7. Large collection of pus due to bacterial infection in the lungs:

1. Asthma
2. Pulmonary embolism
3. Pulmonary abscess
4. Pulmonary edema

Ans. c