Home / General Studies / Chemistry / Mastering the Periodic Table Elements: 5 Key Elements, Periods, Groups, and Mendeleev’s Legacy
Unveil the foundational principles of the periodic table elements in chemistry, encompassing periods, groups, and the profound impact of Dmitri Mendeleev's contributions. Dive into the organized realm of elements, governed by atomic number and electron configuration.

Mastering the Periodic Table Elements: 5 Key Elements, Periods, Groups, and Mendeleev’s Legacy

The Periodic Table: An Organized Universe of Elements

Periodic Table elements – Picture a vast chart meticulously categorizing every known chemical element based on its atomic number and electron configuration. This is precisely what the periodic table accomplishes. The table comprises rows and columns, where rows are referred to as periods, and columns are known as groups. Dmitri Mendeleev, a pioneering Russian chemist, played a pivotal role in its development in 1869. This article delves into the essential concepts of the periodic table, shedding light on periods, groups, and the enduring legacy of Mendeleev’s contribution to the field of chemistry.

Periods: Horizontal Rows of Elemental Evolution

Within the periodic table, periods are represented as horizontal rows that extend from left to right. There are seven periods, numbered from 1 to 7, located on the left side of the table. As you traverse a period from left to right, the atomic numbers of the elements progressively increase. This ascending atomic number signifies the addition of protons in the nucleus, resulting in an increase in electron shells or energy levels. Consequently, the electron configuration of elements undergoes changes within a period.

It’s essential to note that elements within the same period may exhibit vastly different chemical properties. Despite their proximity in the table, the atomic number and electron configuration play a crucial role in determining an element’s unique characteristics. In other words, elements in a period are not necessarily chemically similar.

Groups: Vertical Columns of Elemental Kin

Groups, also known as families, form the vertical columns of the periodic table. There are a total of 18 numbered groups in the table, although it’s worth mentioning that the f-block columns, nestled between groups 2 and 3, do not bear numerical designations. Each group consists of elements that share similar chemical properties, owing to their analogous electron configurations in the outermost electron shell.

The group number signifies the number of valence electrons, which are the electrons in the outermost energy level, shared by all elements within that group. These valence electrons heavily influence an element’s chemical behavior, making elements within the same group chemically related. Consequently, elements belonging to the same group often exhibit comparable reactivity, bonding tendencies, and general chemical behavior.

Dmitri Mendeleev’s Ingenious Contributions

The development of the periodic table wouldn’t be complete without acknowledging the pioneering work of Dmitri Mendeleev. In 1869, Mendeleev revolutionized the world of chemistry by arranging elements based on their properties. Remarkably, he left gaps in the table for elements that had not yet been discovered, predicting their properties with uncanny accuracy. His foresight in creating a table with empty slots for future discoveries underscores the depth of his understanding of the periodic trends of elements.

In conclusion, the periodic table is more than just a chart; it’s a roadmap that guides chemists in their exploration of the fundamental building blocks of matter. Periods and groups provide a structured framework for understanding the behavior of elements, while Dmitri Mendeleev’s visionary contributions continue to inspire scientific discovery to this day. As we peer into this organized universe of elements, we uncover the remarkable patterns and properties that define the world of chemistry.

Periodic is an arrangement of elements, ordered by their atomic number and electron configuration. In the table rows are called as periods and columns are called groups. The Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev develops the periodic table based on their properties in 1869.
Please see the below periodic table.

periodic table elements
Periodic table elements

Please see the below periodic table elements. Periods in the periodic table elements. In each period (horizontal row), the atomic numbers increase from left to right. The periods are numbered 1 through 7 on the left-hand side of the table. Elements that are in the same period have chemical properties that are not all that similar.
A group (also known as a family) is a column of elements in the Periodic table (periodic table elements) of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic table, but the f-block columns (between groups 2 and 3) are not numbered.

Periodic Table elements with Electron Affinity:

List of Elements:

This table has electron affinity of Periodic table elements, symbol and discovered year.

SnoNameSymbolDiscover YearGroupElectron configuration
1HydrogenH177611s1
2HeliumHe1895181s2
3LithiumLi18171[He] 2s1
4BerylliumBe17972[He] 2s2
5BoronB180813[He] 2s2 2p1
6CarbonCancient14[He] 2s2 2p2
7NitrogenN177215[He] 2s2 2p3
8OxygenO177416[He] 2s2 2p4
9FluorineF188617[He] 2s2 2p5
10NeonNe189818[He] 2s2 2p6
11SodiumNa18071[Ne] 3s1
12MagnesiumMg17552[Ne] 3s2
13AluminumAl182513[Ne] 3s2 3p1
14SiliconSi182414[Ne] 3s2 3p2
15PhosphorusP166915[Ne] 3s2 3p3
16SulfurSancient16[Ne] 3s2 3p4
17ChlorineCl177417[Ne] 3s2 3p5
18ArgonAr189418[Ne] 3s2 3p6
19PotassiumK18071[Ar] 4s1
20CalciumCa18082[Ar] 4s2
21ScandiumSc18793[Ar] 3d1 4s2
22TitaniumTi17914[Ar] 3d2 4s2
23VanadiumV18305[Ar] 3d3 4s2
24ChromiumCr17976[Ar] 3d5 4s1
25ManganeseMn17747[Ar] 3d5 4s2
26IronFeancient8[Ar] 3d6 4s2
27CobaltCo17359[Ar] 3d7 4s2
28NickelNi175110[Ar] 3d8 4s2
29CopperCuancient11[Ar] 3d10 4s1
30ZincZnancient12[Ar] 3d10 4s2
31GalliumGa187513[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
32GermaniumGe188614[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
33ArsenicAsancient15[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3
34SeleniumSe181716[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4
35BromineBr182617[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5
36KryptonKr189818[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6
37RubidiumRb18611[Kr] 5s1
38StrontiumSr17902[Kr] 5s2
39YttriumY17943[Kr] 4d1 5s2
40ZirconiumZr17894[Kr] 4d2 5s2
41NiobiumNb18015[Kr] 4d4 5s1
42MolybdenumMo17816[Kr] 4d5 5s1
43TechnetiumTc19377[Kr] 4d5 5s2
44RutheniumRu18448[Kr] 4d7 5s1
45RhodiumRh18039[Kr] 4d8 5s1
46PalladiumPd180310[Kr] 4d10
47SilverAgancient11[Kr] 4d10 5s1
48CadmiumCd181712[Kr] 4d10 5s2
49IndiumIn186313[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
50TinSnancient14[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
51AntimonySbancient15[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3
52TelluriumTe178316[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4
53IodineI181117[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5
54XenonXe189818[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6
55CesiumCs18601[Xe] 6s1
56BariumBa18082[Xe] 6s2
57LanthanumLa18393[Xe] 5d1 6s2
58CeriumCe1803101[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
59PraseodymiumPr1885101[Xe] 4f3 6s2
60NeodymiumNd1885101[Xe] 4f4 6s2
61PromethiumPm1945101[Xe] 4f5 6s2
62SamariumSm1879101[Xe] 4f6 6s2
63EuropiumEu1901101[Xe] 4f7 6s2
64GadoliniumGd1880101[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
65TerbiumTb1843101[Xe] 4f9 6s2
66DysprosiumDy1886101[Xe] 4f10 6s2
67HolmiumHo1867101[Xe] 4f11 6s2
68ErbiumEr1842101[Xe] 4f12 6s2
69ThuliumTm1879101[Xe] 4f13 6s2
70YtterbiumYb1878101[Xe] 4f14 6s2
71LutetiumLu1907101[Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2
72HafniumHf19234[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
73TantalumTa18025[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2
74TungstenW17836[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
75RheniumRe19257[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
76OsmiumOs18038[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
77IridiumIr18039[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
78PlatinumPt173510[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
79GoldAuancient11[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
80MercuryHgancient12[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
81ThalliumTl186113[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
82LeadPbancient14[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2
83BismuthBiancient15[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
84PoloniumPo189816[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
85AstatineAt194017[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5
86RadonRn190018[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6
87FranciumFr19391[Rn] 7s1
88RadiumRa18982[Rn] 7s2
89ActiniumAc18993[Rn] 6d1 7s2
90ThoriumTh1829102[Rn] 6d2 7s2
91ProtactiniumPa1913102[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
92UraniumU1789102[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2
93NeptuniumNp1940102[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
94PlutoniumPu1940102[Rn] 5f6 7s2
95AmericiumAm1944102[Rn] 5f7 7s2
96CuriumCm1944102 
97BerkeliumBk1949102 
98CaliforniumCf1950102 
99EinsteiniumEs1952102 
100FermiumFm1952102 
101MendeleviumMd1955102 
102NobeliumNo1958102 
103LawrenciumLr1961102 
104RutherfordiumRf19644 
105DubniumDb19675 
106SeaborgiumSg19746 
107BohriumBh19817 
108HassiumHs19848 
109MeitneriumMt19829 

Periodic Table elements wikipedia is here, read each element properties here.

Other articles on Chemistry domain is here in this website.

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